PhD in Electrical Engineering

With high penetrations of renewables in the power system it is increasingly important that system frequency response services, such as primary operating reserve, be provided from sources other than the ubiquitous synchronous generator. In particular, to achieve high non-synchronous renewable penetrations >90% it is necessary to be able to decommit fossil fuelled synchronous generation. Inverter connected energy sources such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnections have been shown to provide primary operating reserve and fast-frequency response (FFR). However, one of the major challenges is to develop an effective replacement of the inertial response which currently is primarily provided by synchronous generation.